[[history]] # Uralic (Finno-Ugric & Samoyedic) --- [[siikala-o-ulyashev2016]] [[carpelan-parpola2001]]  --- ## Relitionship with PIE [Relation to PIE](http://loanwords.prehistoricmap.com/uralic-consideration/) [[hyllested2015]] [[u-saloUNKNOWN]] [[kuzmina1999]] ii-finno-ugric [[carpelan-parpola-koskikallio2001]] [[blazek2003]] & [[blazek2005]] indo-iranian & fenno-ugric [[perabo2016]] #### Sacred-Groves [[groves]] Influence on Estonian (*hiis*) Estonian hiis ("sacred grove") Cognate with Finnish Finnish hiisi and Livvi hiiži (“devil”). The original meaning in Proto-Finnic was most likely "burial ground". Possibly a loan from Proto-Germanic *χīđiz (“den, thicket”) or *sīdǭ (“side”). *Christianization in Estonia: A Process of Dual-Faith and Syncretism by Heiki Valk In: The Cross Goes North ed. Martin Carver ## Archaeology [[parpola2012]] relation to IEs ### Finno-Ugric [Udmurts](udmurts.md) ### Samoyedic