[[buck-3-animals]] --- This page is for Cattle, Cows, Bulls, Ox/Oxen, etc. > For poetics see: [[▲bovines]] ## Overview Whether in trade or creation myths, bovines were central to Proto-Indo-European culture (as they are to the [Nilotic peoples of Africa](lincoln1981-priests.md) and to American ranchers). ## Scholarship [[jamison1996]] [[s-zimmer2009]] [[sick1996]] [[anghelina2013]] [[sterckx2013]] [[lincoln1981]]p7 ## Topics [[bovines-and-mortals]] [[bovine-sacrifice]] [[bovine-raiding]] [[bovine-cosmic-promordial]] cosmology [[venkantasubbiah1965]] myth > "For the speakers of Proto-Indo-European, domesticated cattle were basic symbols of the generosity of the gods and the productivity of the earth. Humans were created from a piece of the primordial cow. The ritual duties that defined "proper" behavior revolved around the value, both moral and economic, of cattle. Proto-Indo-European mythology was, at its core, the worldview of a male-centered, cattle-raising people essarily cattle nomads but certainly people who held sons and cattle in the highest esteem." ([[anthony2007]]p135) ## Narratives [[narrative-pii-creation]] ## By Branch [[w-crooke1912]] Veneration in India ## Non-IE [[hiltebeitel1980]] Near Eastern & Indian [[lincoln1981-priests]] Nilotic peoples (Nuer, Dinka, and Masai) ## Terminology ``` cattle calf heifer dry cow milch cow bull calf bull bullock ox ```  ## Other Macro Groups Neolithic [[sergent2018]]